Você pesquisou por y - Critical Care Science (CCS)
Abstract
Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2012;24(4):394-400
DOI 10.1590/S0103-507X2012000400017
Despite advances in treatment and campaigns for prevention and control of malaria on the various continents where it is still rampant, this disease remains significantly relevant to the contemporary world. Plasmodium falciparum is the organism that is mainly responsible for severe malaria, which is characterized by disturbances in different organs and systems, with possibly fatal outcomes. Although incipient, proteomic studies of malaria have yielded favorable prospects for elucidating the biological aspects of Plasmodium as well as the pathophysiological, diagnostic, prophylactic, and therapeutic mechanisms of the disease. Thus, the aim of the present article is to present a brief review of the applications of proteomic analysis in P. falciparum malaria.
Abstract
Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2012;24(4):394-400
DOI 10.1590/S0103-507X2012000400017
Despite advances in treatment and campaigns for prevention and control of malaria on the various continents where it is still rampant, this disease remains significantly relevant to the contemporary world. Plasmodium falciparum is the organism that is mainly responsible for severe malaria, which is characterized by disturbances in different organs and systems, with possibly fatal outcomes. Although incipient, proteomic studies of malaria have yielded favorable prospects for elucidating the biological aspects of Plasmodium as well as the pathophysiological, diagnostic, prophylactic, and therapeutic mechanisms of the disease. Thus, the aim of the present article is to present a brief review of the applications of proteomic analysis in P. falciparum malaria.
Abstract
Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2012;24(4):401-406
DOI 10.1590/S0103-507X2012000400018
Critically ill patients are intubated or tracheostomized because, in most cases, these individuals require invasive mechanical ventilation. The cannulae that are used include the cuff, which can act as a reservoir for oropharyngeal secretions, predisposing to ventilator-associated pneumonia. Studies have revealed that the suction of subglottic secretions through the dorsal suction lumen above the endotracheal tube cuff delays the onset and reduces the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. The aim of this review is to assess published studies regarding the significance of using suction with a supra-cuff device for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients treated with orotracheal intubation or tracheostomy. Therefore, by searching national and international databases, a literature review was undertaken of studies published between the years 1986 and 2011. Few results were found relating the suction of subglottic secretions to decreased duration of mechanical ventilation and length of stay in the intensive care unit. The suction of subglottic secretions is ineffective in decreasing mortality but is effective in reducing the incidence of early-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia and hospital costs. Techniques involving continuous suction of subglottic secretions may be particularly efficient in removing secretions; however, intermittent suction appears to be the least harmful method. In conclusion, cannulae with a supra-cuff suction device enable the aspiration of subglottic secretions, providing benefits to critically ill patients by reducing the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia and, consequently, hospital costs - with no large-scale adverse effects.
Abstract
Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2012;24(4):401-406
DOI 10.1590/S0103-507X2012000400018
Critically ill patients are intubated or tracheostomized because, in most cases, these individuals require invasive mechanical ventilation. The cannulae that are used include the cuff, which can act as a reservoir for oropharyngeal secretions, predisposing to ventilator-associated pneumonia. Studies have revealed that the suction of subglottic secretions through the dorsal suction lumen above the endotracheal tube cuff delays the onset and reduces the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. The aim of this review is to assess published studies regarding the significance of using suction with a supra-cuff device for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients treated with orotracheal intubation or tracheostomy. Therefore, by searching national and international databases, a literature review was undertaken of studies published between the years 1986 and 2011. Few results were found relating the suction of subglottic secretions to decreased duration of mechanical ventilation and length of stay in the intensive care unit. The suction of subglottic secretions is ineffective in decreasing mortality but is effective in reducing the incidence of early-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia and hospital costs. Techniques involving continuous suction of subglottic secretions may be particularly efficient in removing secretions; however, intermittent suction appears to be the least harmful method. In conclusion, cannulae with a supra-cuff suction device enable the aspiration of subglottic secretions, providing benefits to critically ill patients by reducing the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia and, consequently, hospital costs - with no large-scale adverse effects.
Abstract
Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2012;24(4):407-414
DOI 10.1590/S0103-507X2012000400019
Obtaining venous access in critically ill children is an essential procedure to restore blood volume and administer drugs during pediatric emergencies. The first option for vascular access is through a peripheral vein puncture. If this route cannot be used or if a prolonged period of access is necessary, then the intraosseous route is an effective option for rapid and safe venous access. The present work is a descriptive and exploratory literature review. The study's aim was to describe the techniques, professional responsibilities, and care related to obtaining venous access via the intraosseous route in pediatric emergencies. We selected 22 articles (published between 2000 and 2011) that were available in the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS) and MEDLINE databases and the SciELO electronic library, in addition to the current protocol of cardiopulmonary resuscitation from the American Heart Association (2010). After the literature search, data were pooled and grouped into the following categories of analysis: historical aspects and physiological principles; indications, benefits, and contraindications; professional assignments; technical principles; care during the access; and possible complications. The results of the present study revealed that the intraosseous route is considered the main secondary option for vascular access during the emergency response because the technique is quick and easily executed, presents several non-collapsible puncture sites, and enables the rapid and effective administration of drugs and fluid replacement.
Abstract
Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2012;24(4):407-414
DOI 10.1590/S0103-507X2012000400019
Obtaining venous access in critically ill children is an essential procedure to restore blood volume and administer drugs during pediatric emergencies. The first option for vascular access is through a peripheral vein puncture. If this route cannot be used or if a prolonged period of access is necessary, then the intraosseous route is an effective option for rapid and safe venous access. The present work is a descriptive and exploratory literature review. The study's aim was to describe the techniques, professional responsibilities, and care related to obtaining venous access via the intraosseous route in pediatric emergencies. We selected 22 articles (published between 2000 and 2011) that were available in the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS) and MEDLINE databases and the SciELO electronic library, in addition to the current protocol of cardiopulmonary resuscitation from the American Heart Association (2010). After the literature search, data were pooled and grouped into the following categories of analysis: historical aspects and physiological principles; indications, benefits, and contraindications; professional assignments; technical principles; care during the access; and possible complications. The results of the present study revealed that the intraosseous route is considered the main secondary option for vascular access during the emergency response because the technique is quick and easily executed, presents several non-collapsible puncture sites, and enables the rapid and effective administration of drugs and fluid replacement.
Abstract
Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2012;24(4):415-419
DOI 10.1590/S0103-507X2012000400020
Interstitial lung diseases belong to a group of diseases that typically exhibit a subacute or chronic progression but that may cause acute respiratory failure. The male patient, who was 37 years of age and undergoing therapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, was admitted with cough, fever, dyspnea and acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Mechanical ventilation and antibiotic therapy were initiated but were associated with unfavorable progression. Thoracic computed tomography showed bilateral pulmonary "ground glass" opacities. Methylprednisolone pulse therapy was initiated with satisfactory response because the patient had used three drugs related to organizing pneumonia (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and rituximab), and the clinical and radiological symptoms were suggestive. Organizing pneumonia may be idiopathic or linked to collagen diseases, drugs and cancer and usually responds to corticosteroid therapy. The diagnosis was anatomopathological, but the patient's clinical condition precluded performing a lung biopsy. Organizing pneumonia should be a differential diagnosis in patients with apparent pneumonia and a progression that is unfavorable to antimicrobial treatment.
Abstract
Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2012;24(4):415-419
DOI 10.1590/S0103-507X2012000400020
Interstitial lung diseases belong to a group of diseases that typically exhibit a subacute or chronic progression but that may cause acute respiratory failure. The male patient, who was 37 years of age and undergoing therapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, was admitted with cough, fever, dyspnea and acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Mechanical ventilation and antibiotic therapy were initiated but were associated with unfavorable progression. Thoracic computed tomography showed bilateral pulmonary "ground glass" opacities. Methylprednisolone pulse therapy was initiated with satisfactory response because the patient had used three drugs related to organizing pneumonia (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and rituximab), and the clinical and radiological symptoms were suggestive. Organizing pneumonia may be idiopathic or linked to collagen diseases, drugs and cancer and usually responds to corticosteroid therapy. The diagnosis was anatomopathological, but the patient's clinical condition precluded performing a lung biopsy. Organizing pneumonia should be a differential diagnosis in patients with apparent pneumonia and a progression that is unfavorable to antimicrobial treatment.
