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You searched for:"Paulo Antônio Chiavone"
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Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva. 2006;18(3):234-241
04-30-2006
DOI 10.1590/S0103-507X2006000300004
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Anemia of critical illness is a multifactorial condition caused by blood loss, frequent phlebotomies and inadequate production of red blood cells (RBC). Controversy surrounds the most appropriate hemoglobin concentration "trigger" for transfusion of RBC. We aimed to evaluate transfusion practices in Brazilian ICUs. METHODS: A prospective study throughout a 2-week period in 19 Brazilian ICUs. Hemoglobin (Hb) level, transfusion rate, organ dysfunction assessment and 28-day mortality were evaluated. Primary indication for transfusion and pretransfusion hemoglobin level were collected for each transfusion. RESULTS: Two hundred thirty-one patients with an ICU length of stay longer than 48h were included. An Hb level lower than 10 g/dL was found in 33% on admission in the ICU. A total of 348 RBC units were transfused in 86 patients (36.5%). The mean pretransfusion hemoglobin level was 7.7 ± 1.1 g/dL. Transfused-patients had significantly higher SOFA score (7.9 ± 4.6 vs 5.6 ± 3.8, p < 0.05, respectively), days on mechanical ventilation (10.7 ± 8.2 vs 7.2 ± 6.4, p < 0.05) and days on vasoactive drugs (6.7 ± 6.4 vs 4.2 ± 4.0, p < 0.05) than non-transfused patients despite similar APACHE II scores (15.2 ± 8.1 vs 14.2 ± 8.1, NS). Transfused patients had higher mortality rate (43.5%) than non-transfused patients (36.3%) (RR 0.60-1.15, NS). Only one patient (0.28%) had febrile non-hemolytic transfusion and urticarial reactions. CONCLUSIONS: Anemia is common in critically ill patients.It seems from the present study that transfusion practices in Brazil have had a more restrictive approach with a lower limit "transfusion trigger".
Abstract
Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva. 2006;18(3):234-241
04-30-2006
DOI 10.1590/S0103-507X2006000300004
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Anemia of critical illness is a multifactorial condition caused by blood loss, frequent phlebotomies and inadequate production of red blood cells (RBC). Controversy surrounds the most appropriate hemoglobin concentration "trigger" for transfusion of RBC. We aimed to evaluate transfusion practices in Brazilian ICUs. METHODS: A prospective study throughout a 2-week period in 19 Brazilian ICUs. Hemoglobin (Hb) level, transfusion rate, organ dysfunction assessment and 28-day mortality were evaluated. Primary indication for transfusion and pretransfusion hemoglobin level were collected for each transfusion. RESULTS: Two hundred thirty-one patients with an ICU length of stay longer than 48h were included. An Hb level lower than 10 g/dL was found in 33% on admission in the ICU. A total of 348 RBC units were transfused in 86 patients (36.5%). The mean pretransfusion hemoglobin level was 7.7 ± 1.1 g/dL. Transfused-patients had significantly higher SOFA score (7.9 ± 4.6 vs 5.6 ± 3.8, p < 0.05, respectively), days on mechanical ventilation (10.7 ± 8.2 vs 7.2 ± 6.4, p < 0.05) and days on vasoactive drugs (6.7 ± 6.4 vs 4.2 ± 4.0, p < 0.05) than non-transfused patients despite similar APACHE II scores (15.2 ± 8.1 vs 14.2 ± 8.1, NS). Transfused patients had higher mortality rate (43.5%) than non-transfused patients (36.3%) (RR 0.60-1.15, NS). Only one patient (0.28%) had febrile non-hemolytic transfusion and urticarial reactions. CONCLUSIONS: Anemia is common in critically ill patients.It seems from the present study that transfusion practices in Brazil have had a more restrictive approach with a lower limit "transfusion trigger".
Abstract
Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva. 2006;18(3):219-228
04-30-2006
DOI 10.1590/S0103-507X2006000300002
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There are few epidemiological studies in mechanical ventilation, and the aim of the study is to show how this procedure is being used in Brazil. METHODS: A 1-day point prevalence study was performed in 40 ICUs, with 390 patients; 217 of these patients were in mechanical ventilation. The results evaluated were the characteristics of ventilated patients, their distribution in Brazil, the mechanical ventilation's causes, the main ventilatory modes, the more important ventilators settings, and the weaning stage of mechanical ventilation. RESULTS: The median age of the ventilated patients was 66 years old. The median APACHE II was 20, while the median time of mechanical ventilation was 11 days. Acute respiratory failure occurred in 71% of the patients, coma in 21.2%, acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory failure in 5.5%, and the neuromuscular disease in 2.3%. The volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) (30%), the pressure support ventilation (PSV) (29.5%), and the pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) (18%) were the ventilatory modes most used; the PSV had been the main mode in weaning (63.5%). The median of tidal volume (8 mL/kg) was higher in VCV. The median of maximal inspiratory pression (30 cmH2O) and the median of positive end-expiration pressure (PEEP) (8 cmH2O) were higher in PCV. CONCLUSIONS: The predominance of ventilated patients in ICUs was marked by clinical severity of them, and a longer hospital stay time; acute respiratory failure was the principal mechanical ventilation cause; VCV and PSV ventilated more patients, with PSV being more used in weaning patients.
Abstract
Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva. 2006;18(3):219-228
04-30-2006
DOI 10.1590/S0103-507X2006000300002
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There are few epidemiological studies in mechanical ventilation, and the aim of the study is to show how this procedure is being used in Brazil. METHODS: A 1-day point prevalence study was performed in 40 ICUs, with 390 patients; 217 of these patients were in mechanical ventilation. The results evaluated were the characteristics of ventilated patients, their distribution in Brazil, the mechanical ventilation's causes, the main ventilatory modes, the more important ventilators settings, and the weaning stage of mechanical ventilation. RESULTS: The median age of the ventilated patients was 66 years old. The median APACHE II was 20, while the median time of mechanical ventilation was 11 days. Acute respiratory failure occurred in 71% of the patients, coma in 21.2%, acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory failure in 5.5%, and the neuromuscular disease in 2.3%. The volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) (30%), the pressure support ventilation (PSV) (29.5%), and the pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) (18%) were the ventilatory modes most used; the PSV had been the main mode in weaning (63.5%). The median of tidal volume (8 mL/kg) was higher in VCV. The median of maximal inspiratory pression (30 cmH2O) and the median of positive end-expiration pressure (PEEP) (8 cmH2O) were higher in PCV. CONCLUSIONS: The predominance of ventilated patients in ICUs was marked by clinical severity of them, and a longer hospital stay time; acute respiratory failure was the principal mechanical ventilation cause; VCV and PSV ventilated more patients, with PSV being more used in weaning patients.
Abstract
Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva. 2006;18(2):131-136
04-28-2006
DOI 10.1590/S0103-507X2006000200005
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The weaning of mechanical ventilation is the process of transition from mechanical ventilation to spontaneous. The actual practice weaning reveals that the empirism is insufficient and inadequate. On the other side, the standardization of the weaning provides best conductions in the process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the application of a weaning protocol in an intensive care unit. METHODS: Method: It was included in this study all the patients in program of liberation from the mechanical ventilation, in which the evolution of the weaning was followed by the utilization of a pre-establish protocol and publicated by the service. RESULTS: It was studied 127 patients. In 91% (115) of the patients we had success in the weaning and unsuccess in 9% (12). The non-invasive ventilation after the extubation was utilized in 19% (24) of them. None obit was observed. Comparing the group of the patients that had success with the failed group, there were no statistically significant variations observed in sex (p = 0.96), APACHE II (19.5 versus 18.6 p = 0.75), risk of obit (29% versus 22% p = 0.54), MIP (38 versus 32 cmH2O p = 0.17), duration of mechanical ventilation (6 versus 7 days p = 0.70), PaO2/FiO2 relation (324 versus 312 p = 0.83), weaning modality (PSV or T Tube p = 0.29). There were statistically significant variations observed in rapid shallow respiratory index (59 versus 77 p = 0.02) and duration of the weaning (1 versus 30 hours p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The weaning of the ventilation realized following the standardization brought improvement in its conduction, maintaining the high success index with low mortality.
Abstract
Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva. 2006;18(2):131-136
04-28-2006
DOI 10.1590/S0103-507X2006000200005
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The weaning of mechanical ventilation is the process of transition from mechanical ventilation to spontaneous. The actual practice weaning reveals that the empirism is insufficient and inadequate. On the other side, the standardization of the weaning provides best conductions in the process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the application of a weaning protocol in an intensive care unit. METHODS: Method: It was included in this study all the patients in program of liberation from the mechanical ventilation, in which the evolution of the weaning was followed by the utilization of a pre-establish protocol and publicated by the service. RESULTS: It was studied 127 patients. In 91% (115) of the patients we had success in the weaning and unsuccess in 9% (12). The non-invasive ventilation after the extubation was utilized in 19% (24) of them. None obit was observed. Comparing the group of the patients that had success with the failed group, there were no statistically significant variations observed in sex (p = 0.96), APACHE II (19.5 versus 18.6 p = 0.75), risk of obit (29% versus 22% p = 0.54), MIP (38 versus 32 cmH2O p = 0.17), duration of mechanical ventilation (6 versus 7 days p = 0.70), PaO2/FiO2 relation (324 versus 312 p = 0.83), weaning modality (PSV or T Tube p = 0.29). There were statistically significant variations observed in rapid shallow respiratory index (59 versus 77 p = 0.02) and duration of the weaning (1 versus 30 hours p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The weaning of the ventilation realized following the standardization brought improvement in its conduction, maintaining the high success index with low mortality.
Abstract
Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva. 2008;20(1):37-42
04-16-2008
DOI 10.1590/S0103-507X2008000100006
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In acute respiratory discomfort syndrome (ARDS) patients, prone position improves oxygenation in more than 70% of the cases. It is well known that prone position promotes a lot of pulmonary changes, including pulmonary mechanics, so we hypothesized that there is the necessity to optimize the ventilatory parameters after the patient is placed in prone position, especially the positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) values. The objective of this study valued the influence of the prone position at the calculation of the ideal PEEP, given a title by the best pulmonary complaisance and he compared the pulmonary alterations of mechanics, of oxygenation and of ventilation in the positions supine and prone. METHODS: Prospective study, taken place in the Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo Intensive Care Service. Three fases have been compared. Fase 1: in supine position, after the best PEEP calculation. Fase 2: two hours after the patient was placed in prone position and the best PEEP was calculated. The patient was kept for 6 hours in this position. Fase 3: after this time, patient was placed in supine again and after two hours, a new best PEEP calculation and arterial gas analysis was done. And then fase1 versus fase 2, fase 2 versus fase 3, fase 3 versus fase1 were compared. RESULTS: There were no differences in the PEEP values found in all study fases: fase 1 = 14 ± 4.43; fase 2 = 14.73 ± 4.77 and fase 3 = 13.65 ± 4.92. CONCLUSIONS: There were no differences in best PEEP values between prone and supine position. Therefore, there is no need to recalculate the PEEP value after each position change.
Abstract
Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva. 2008;20(1):37-42
04-16-2008
DOI 10.1590/S0103-507X2008000100006
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In acute respiratory discomfort syndrome (ARDS) patients, prone position improves oxygenation in more than 70% of the cases. It is well known that prone position promotes a lot of pulmonary changes, including pulmonary mechanics, so we hypothesized that there is the necessity to optimize the ventilatory parameters after the patient is placed in prone position, especially the positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) values. The objective of this study valued the influence of the prone position at the calculation of the ideal PEEP, given a title by the best pulmonary complaisance and he compared the pulmonary alterations of mechanics, of oxygenation and of ventilation in the positions supine and prone. METHODS: Prospective study, taken place in the Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo Intensive Care Service. Three fases have been compared. Fase 1: in supine position, after the best PEEP calculation. Fase 2: two hours after the patient was placed in prone position and the best PEEP was calculated. The patient was kept for 6 hours in this position. Fase 3: after this time, patient was placed in supine again and after two hours, a new best PEEP calculation and arterial gas analysis was done. And then fase1 versus fase 2, fase 2 versus fase 3, fase 3 versus fase1 were compared. RESULTS: There were no differences in the PEEP values found in all study fases: fase 1 = 14 ± 4.43; fase 2 = 14.73 ± 4.77 and fase 3 = 13.65 ± 4.92. CONCLUSIONS: There were no differences in best PEEP values between prone and supine position. Therefore, there is no need to recalculate the PEEP value after each position change.
Abstract
Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva. 2006;18(4):338-343
03-28-2006
DOI 10.1590/S0103-507X2006000400004
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) has been routinely used to assist the weaning of the mechanical ventilation. One of the applications most common is in patients who had acute respiratory failure after extubation, even the scientific evidences for this indication still controversy. The aims of this study were to evaluate the index of patients that evolve for respiratory failure after extubation and evaluated the effectiveness of NPPV to avoid the need for reintubation and to promote increase in success index of weaning. METHODS: We conducted a transversal and prospective study. It was applied to NPPV in the patients who presented respiratory failure after extubation, independent of its etiology. NPPV was applied in to pressure support ventilation, with Vte for 6 to 8 mL/kg, PEEP and FiO2 adjusted to reach SaO2 > 95%. The NPPV was accomplished of a continuous mould even interrupt the signs of respiratory failure presented initially. The success of weaning and the NPPV was defined when the clinical events were reverted by a period greater than 48 hours in spontaneous breathing, avoid thus reintubation. RESULTS: We included 103 patients. Noted that 32% (33) evolved with signals of respiratory failure after extubation and were submitted to NPPV. The time of NPPV was on mean 8 ± 5 hours, PSV of 12 ± 2 cmH2O, PEEP of 7 ± 2 cmH2O, FiO2 of 40% ± 20%, Vte of 462 ± 100 mL, RR of 26 ± 5 rpm. Among patients who accomplished NPPV (33), 76% (25) attended with success and them afterwards let the ICU. Of the patients assigned to NPPV, 24% (8) did not tolerate the procedure and were reintubated. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that NPPV is safe and effective in averting the need for reintubation in patients with respiratory failure after extubation.
Abstract
Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva. 2006;18(4):338-343
03-28-2006
DOI 10.1590/S0103-507X2006000400004
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) has been routinely used to assist the weaning of the mechanical ventilation. One of the applications most common is in patients who had acute respiratory failure after extubation, even the scientific evidences for this indication still controversy. The aims of this study were to evaluate the index of patients that evolve for respiratory failure after extubation and evaluated the effectiveness of NPPV to avoid the need for reintubation and to promote increase in success index of weaning. METHODS: We conducted a transversal and prospective study. It was applied to NPPV in the patients who presented respiratory failure after extubation, independent of its etiology. NPPV was applied in to pressure support ventilation, with Vte for 6 to 8 mL/kg, PEEP and FiO2 adjusted to reach SaO2 > 95%. The NPPV was accomplished of a continuous mould even interrupt the signs of respiratory failure presented initially. The success of weaning and the NPPV was defined when the clinical events were reverted by a period greater than 48 hours in spontaneous breathing, avoid thus reintubation. RESULTS: We included 103 patients. Noted that 32% (33) evolved with signals of respiratory failure after extubation and were submitted to NPPV. The time of NPPV was on mean 8 ± 5 hours, PSV of 12 ± 2 cmH2O, PEEP of 7 ± 2 cmH2O, FiO2 of 40% ± 20%, Vte of 462 ± 100 mL, RR of 26 ± 5 rpm. Among patients who accomplished NPPV (33), 76% (25) attended with success and them afterwards let the ICU. Of the patients assigned to NPPV, 24% (8) did not tolerate the procedure and were reintubated. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that NPPV is safe and effective in averting the need for reintubation in patients with respiratory failure after extubation.